Critical Thinking Test Week 4 Essay

1. interrogative sentence Reporter A new shift finance reform bill being considered by Congress would pose the he inventionistry and soul of campaign contributions that political candidates can receive. However, a survey of candidates running for mayor, governor, and senate seats examines that not one of them favors the bill. Clearly, there is no desire among politicians to limit campaign contributions. Which one of the following points out the flaw in the reporters argument above? Student practise The reporter doesnt indicate the amount that the new bill would limit campaign contributions. The evidence reard by the reporter suggests that most politicians atomic number 18 in favor of the new bill. The reporter wrongly assumes that no politician has ever run oned a bill intended to limit campaign contributions cover The views of candidates currently running for office do not ineluctably represent the views of all politicians. 2. scruple Mrs. Orlof teaches two history se tes, one in the morning and one in the good afternoon. Yesterday she gave the same attempt to both classes. Anyone who failed the test must take a retest. Since a big(p)er percentage of students who took the morning test failed the test than students who took the afternoon test, much of Orlofs morning history students than afternoon history students go away have to take the retest. The conclusion above is not necessarily valid becauseStudent response more students in the morning class may have passed the test than failed the test some students may have been absent from both classes some of the students who passed the afternoon test may have certain knowledge about the test from morning students CORRECT more students may have taken the test in the afternoon than in the morning3. Question All sages provide both acquaintance and inspiration. Since Dashas speech contained wisdom and greatly inspired her audience, Dasha is a sage. Which one of the following points out the flaw in the argument above?Student denounce Just because Dasha is a sage doesnt sloshed that she isalways wise and inspirational. Just because Dashas speech provided wisdom and inspiration doesnt mean that it provided more wisdom than inspiration. CORRECT Just because Dasha satisfied two requirements of being a sage doesnt necessarily mean that she satisfies all the requirements of being a sage. irrational Just because Dasha provided wisdom and inspiration in a speech doesnt mean that all sages use speeches to provide wisdom and inspiration.4. Question The average height of members of the high school basketball team is six feet, three inches. Jerry is on the high school basketball team, so Jerry must be taller than six feet. The argument above is flawed because it confusesStudent Answer Jerry with other members of the teamthe members of one team with the members of another team INCORRECT wad who are six feet three inches tall for battalion who are exactly six feet tall CORRECT an ave rage for the individuals that make up that average.5. Question Catherine goes to her local delineation theater however to see romantic comedies. Since Catherine did not go to the movies yesterday, there is not a romantic comedy playing at her local theater. The reasoning above is flawed because the evidenceStudent Answer CORRECT does not suggest that Catherine goes to see e real romantic comedy that plays at her local movie theater implies that Catherine is uninterested in most types of movies does not indicate whether Catherine watches only romantic comedies at home suggests that Catherines local movie theater hardly ever shows romantic comedies6. Question A recent study of 100 employees from six departments of a major corporation found 65% to be sleep deprived. The researchers concluded that the majorityof corporate employees are sleep deprived. The researchers conclusion is suspect because itStudent Answer assumes that corporate employees are more sleep deprived than other peopl e is based on evidence that is statistically impossible fails to describe the effects the sleep deprivation has CORRECT relies on a sample that is too small to represent the entire corporate workforce7. Question Some politicians claim to support the environment in speeches they make around the coun travail. However, to get to those speeches they ride in gas guzzling, pollution cr eat private planes. They therefore clearly dont believe a vocalize of what they say and are actually making the environmental problem worse. Which one of the following, if true, would best weaken the argument above? Student Answer Some of the politicians try to hide the fact that they travel by private plane to their speeches around the country. Most people who hear the politicians speeches on the environment are unconvinced by their arguments. A majority of selectrs surveyed equip that politicians sometimes make societys problems worse. CORRECT Improvements to the environment brought about through the p oliticians public support of environmental regulations more than offset the damage done to the environment by the politicians private planes.8. Question Career counselor It is best for artists to build a serviceable and safe move that volition guarantee them a secure income, and then pursue their art in their spare time. That way, they will be motivated to work hard at their day jobs to support their art making, and both their career and their art will thrive. Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument? Student Answer Some forms of art making are expensive and require a good deal of money to pursue. INCORRECT Many people who arent artists prefer to pursue practical and safe careers. Having the time and money to make art doesnt guarantee an artist commercial success. CORRECT Splitting time between two pursuits in life oftencauses both to suffer. 9. Question The untimely death of prof Hathaway halted his groundbreaking research into the uses of solar power. It therefore appears that Hathaways research will not result in practical applications. Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? Student Answer CORRECT Professor Hathaways research can be used by other scientists to create useful applications. Not all professors at Professor Hathaways univer sit aroundy knew that he was conducting research into the uses of solar power. Officials at Professor Hathaways university have refused requests to make Professor Hathaways research public. INCORRECT Researchers at other universities are conducting research into the potential applications of solar power. 10. Question Surveys show that people who use calorie information to decide which foods to eat consume on average 100 calories less than they would if they didnt nail calorie information before eating. Strangely though, people who use calorie information in this way weigh more on average than people who dont revert calorie information before eating. Which one of the following, if true, best explains the surprising statistic stated above? Student Answer in that location are fewer people who check calorie information before eating than people who dont check calorie information before eating. People who usually check calorie information before eating consume more calories if they stop checking. INCORRECT Some people who check calorie information before eating dont consume any fewer calories than they would if they didnt check. CORRECT People with a weight problem are most likely to check calorie information before eating. 11. Question As part of its reorganization, company X created five new positions within the company. However, after the reorganization was complete, company X had fewer employees than before the reorganization. Which one of the following, if true, would best explain the result described above? Student Answer Some employees of the company were switched into new departments to fill the new positions. Some employees who qui t over dissatisfaction with the reorganization were immediately replaced by new hires. The new positions were created to respond to a greater demand for company Xsproducts. CORRECT Some employees were laid off as a number of old positions were eliminated in the reorganization. 12. Question Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same lucid relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair. building blueprintStudent Answer ship seaCORRECT cake recipe bridge over islandguitar song13. Question Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same licit relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair. gavel judgeStudent Answer CORRECT baton conductorsymphony composerstop sign driverruler math14. Question Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair. conductor orchestrStudent Answer skater rinkteacher principal bewilder r movieCORRECT coach cast15. Question Arthur The antecedents to most closed book inventions I read are not believable. However, my enjoyment of a mystery novel depends only on its nail-biting mood and colorful characters. Norton Roughly 80% of the mystery novels I read have believable solutions, which is good since I do not enjoy mystery novels that dont have believable solutions. The speakers aboveStudent Answer agree that most mystery novels do not have believable solutions agree that a suspenseful mood and colorful characters addto the enjoyment of a mystery novel CORRECT disagree on whether a believable solution is required for the enjoyment of a mystery novel disagree on whether an authors enjoyment in creating a mystery novel influences whether that novel will have a believable solution 16. Question Memmie The greater the population near a restaurant, the more potential customers it has and the greater chance its popularity will spread through word-of-mouth. OSullivans Restaurant just opened in the very densely be town of Redville, so its chances for success are great. surface-to-air missile But the more people living in an area, the more restaurants there are in that area, so the more competition each one faces. There are twelve other restaurants serving the people of Redville. Memmie and Sam seem to disagree about whetherStudent Answer OSullivans will fail in its first few months OSullivans will serve a different kind of food than the other restaurants in Redville CORRECT the high population of Redville ensures OSullivans a great chance for success word-of-mouth about a restaurant can spread in a densely populated town like Redville 17. Question Only circus animals with a clean bill of health will perform in todays exhibition. A monkey, a poodle, and a horse will perform in todays exhibition. No circus animals with a clean bill of health were cocksure medications this week. If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?Student Answer The monkey, poodle, and horse are the only animals performing in todays circus exhibition. No circus animals were prescribe medications this week. INCORRECT No more than two circus animals have a clean bill of health. CORRECT Neither the monkey nor the horse performing in todays circus exhibition were prescribed medications this week. 18. Question The higher(prenominal) the price of an ancient, the greater peoples expectation that the object is rare. That, in turn, makes the antique appear more valuable. If the statements above are correct, then offering an antique for sale at a bargain price Student Answer will likely increase peoples expectations that the antique is valuable will guarantee that the antique will not sell at a profit should be encouraged because it increases the likelihood that antique will be sell CORRECT should be discouraged because it lessens a quality that makes that antique desirable 19. Question Some drugs combat obesity or alcohol addiction by turning off pleasure centers in the brain. However, if the dosage is too high, theres a risk that people taking them will be plunged into depression. The statements above, if true, support which one of the following assertions? Student Answer It is useless to try to treat obesity or alcohol addiction through drugs. All drugs, if taken at too high a dosage, pose the risk that the people taking them will be plunged into depression. CORRECT The benefits of a medication may be at least somewhat offset by its side effects. INCORRECT Drugs that affect pleasure centers in the brain are often taken at dosages considered to be too high. 20. Question Detective The robbery at the mall was carried out by a mall employee acting alone roughly one min after the mall closed last Saturday night. The only employees present at the mall at the time of the robbery were security guards Evans and Clark. Since the malls charge system was disabled by the thief just before the robbery, the thief must be Evans. The argument above would be valid ifStudent Answer CORRECT Clark is incapable of disabling the malls surveillance system both Evans and Clark are capable of disabling the malls surveillance system INCORRECT Evans and Clark are the malls only security guards the malls surveillance system is usually used 24 hours a day, seven-spot days a we 21. Question A company can either invest in employee training seminars or update its computing machine network. Since updating the computer network would result in moremeasurable benefits, the company would be best off updating its computer network. The argument above assumes thatStudent Answer INCORRECT investing in employee training seminars would yield negative results for the company CORRECT the more measurable a benefit, the greater value that benefit has to a company the employee training seminars would focus on teaching employees to use the updated computer network the benefit of the company investing in employee training seminars cannot be calculated at all 22. Question The chair spoke to 19 congressmen from Texas to encourage them to vote for a bill. Since quartette of the 19 congressmen went on to vote for the bill, it is clear that the president persuaded those four to vote the way they did. The argument above assumes thatStudent Answer the bill will not pass because a majority of Texas congressmen did not vote for it the Texas congressmen who voted against the bill were persuaded by someone other than the president to vote the way they did the president did not try to influence the votes of any congressmen outside of Texas CORRECT the four Texas congressmen who voted for the bill were against it before they spoke to the president 23. Question The very large increase in allergies over the last thirty years is due to the great success of immunizations administered over this time period. Since immunizations have nearly eliminated life-threatening diseases such as polio, the h uman immune system increasingly targets other environmental substances in order to keep working properly. Allergy symptoms such as runny nose and itchy eyes result when the immune system attacks pollen that is breathed in from the air. Which one of the following best expresses the main point of the passage above? Student Answer Immunizations often have surprising side effects. Immunizations have been very successful in eliminating life-threatening diseases. INCORRECT Viruses that once caused polio now cause allergies. CORRECT The use of immunizations has led to an increase in allergies. 24. Question policy-making science professor Many people insist that the Internet is revolutionizing the political process. They argue that Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information. And theyre right that online political chatter increases daily. But offering or reading anonymous online opinions does not by itself make for active p olitical participation. In the past one would attend a rally, protest, or town meeting to engage in real politics. Today, people sit passively in front of computer screens under the illusion that they are connecting with their fellow citizens. Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the professors argument?Student Answer Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information. INCORRECT governmental organizations of the past bear no resemblance to the political organizations of today. CORRECT While the Internet has made more political content available, meaningful political appointment has decreased. The Internet has revolutionized the political process because it has allowed many more political viewpoints to be expressed.Points Received 0 of 1Comments25. Question Whereas many industries suffer during economic recessions, the art industry does well. Some think the reason is that artists feed off the anxiety and uncertainty during recessions to produce inspired works. Others think that recessions, while harmful to most people, produce a handful of very rich people willing to pay very high prices for artworks, driving up the value of the art market as a whole. The author of the passage above is primarily interested inStudent Answer providing evidence that the art industry does well during recessions CORRECT presenting reasons for wherefore the art industry does well during recessions discussing the types of artworks that sellbest during recessions describing the effect that art has on the economy